Dynamo-electric machine



H. G. REIST.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 27, 1905.

Patented Feb.1 5, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Henry G. fife/st gwf won/55555: we 6. Z/

macaw 5 swam co Pnmoumccawmias,wnsnmmw n c UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY G. REIST, OF SCHENECTADY, NEVJ YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRICCOMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY G. Rms'r, a citizen of the United States,residing at Schenectady, county of Schenectady, State of New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamo-ElectricMachines, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates generally to the construction andarrangement of elec trical apparatus, and more particularly to theconstruction and arrangement of the cores and windings thereon of therotating members of dynamo-electric machines.

Some of the features of my invention are peculiarly adapted for use inthe rotating field magnets of high speed alternating-cur rent generatorssuch as are now coming into general use for operation in conjunctionwith steam turbines, and all the features of my invention are capable ofuse in such a construction.

The massive construction employed and the high peripheral speedsdeveloped with turbo-alternators for instance, render necessaryprecautions in designing, and the employment of features of constructionnot heretofore found necessary. \Vith such high speeds not only is itnecessary to guard against a direct rupture of material by thecentrifugal stresses developed in operation, but it is essential thatthere shall be no deformation of the parts owing to the very seriousunbalancing action resulting at the speeds employed.

The object of my invention is generally to improve the construction ofdynamo-electric machines, and more particularly to modify and improvethe construction of machines such as alternatingcurrent generatorsintended for operation at relative high speeds.

In carrying out my invention I have devised constructions which aremechanically simple and strong, are readily assembled, in which partsinjured may be easily replaced, and in which any unbalancing due to adeformation of the flexible parts of the apparatus, such as thewindings, is rendered practically impossible at the highest speeds ofoperation which the strength of materials employed in the generalstructure of the apparatus will permit of.

The various features of novelty which characterize my invention arepointed out Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 27, 1905.

Patented Feb. 15, 1910. Serial No. 284,647.

with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of thisspecification. For a better understanding of my invention, however,reference may be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matterin which I have illustrated and described forms in which my inventionmay be embodied.

Of the drawings, Figure 1 is an end elevation with parts broken away andin section of the internal revolving field magnet of analternating-current generator; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation on theline 22 of Fig. 1; Figs. 3 and 4 are perspective views illustratingdetails of construction; Fig. 5 is a view in a larger scale generallysimilar to Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a developed plan view with parts brokenaway and in section of a portion of the alternator showing thearrangement of the retaining devices for the ends of the windings; Fig.7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 showing a modified construction; anc. Fig.8 is a view taken similarly to Fig. 1 and showing a portion of themodified construction of Fig. 7.

Referring to the drawings, 1 represents an internal revolving smoothcore field magnet, the shaft 2 of which may be either horizontal orvertical, but is ordinarily connected directly to and in alinement withthe shaft of a vertical shaft steam turbine. On the shaft 2 is mounted aspider comprising a hub portion 3 having arms at. The outer ends of thearms a are machined to be truly cylindrical and support a core bOdy 5which may be laminated. The core body 5, preferably cylindrical inoutline, is shown as built up of annular sections 6, adjacent sectionsbeing separated by spacers of any suit able form, to provide radiallyextending ventilating passages 7. Each section 6 is formed of segmentallaminae which have holes 9 punched in them. The segments of adjacentsections are arranged so as to break joints in the usual way, as clearlyindicated by the full and dotted radial lines in the left-hand portionof Fig. 1. In assembling the laminae they are first compressed in somesuitable manner about the ends of the arms 4, after which the holes 9are reamed to bring the holes in adjacent laminae into accurateregister. The laminae are then fastened together by rivets or bolts 10,passing through some of the holes 9. Other bolts or rivets 11 passingthrough other holes 9 are I The thin edge of one wedge 25 is split toemployed to clamp the sections 6 between end members 18.

In the construction shown in Fig. 2, the left hand end of the fieldmagnet is intended to be the lower end when the field magnet isvertical, and the end member 13 there shown is provided with a shoulder14 which engages against a shoulder 15 formed at the ends of the spiderarms. Each lamina is formed with a plurality of keyways or slots 16 forreceiving keys 17 of any suitable shape which may be carried integrallyor detachably by the ends of the arms 4.

lVith the method of assembling illustrated in Fig. 1, in order to makethe laminae truly interchangeable there are twice as many keyways 16formed in one layer of the laminae as there are keys in the spider arms.Undercut slots 18 are formed in the outer periphery of the body formedby the assembled units or sections 6. These slots extend parallel to theaxis of rotation, and for convenience and simplicity in forming andassembling the laminae the slots 18 are preferably equally spaced aboutthe core body. Each slot receives a plurality of blocks, sections, orunits 19, 20, or 21. Each row of blocks or units in a slot unites toform a rib projecting from the surface of the core body. Each of theseunits which are shown of a thickness substantially equal to thethickness of the sections 6, are preferably formed of laminae securedtogether by rivets 22. In the particular construction illustrated in thedrawings, each of the four po lar portions of the field magnet comprisesa central polar portion formed of three sets of the units 21 which aresimilar and are arranged so that the ends of the laminae composing theunits in the adjacent plane abut against each other. At each edge of theportion of each pole formed by the units 21 are placed one set of units20. The sides of the unit 20 adjacent the units 21 are similar to thoseof the latter. The other sides of the unit 20 and the sides of the units19 are cut away to form coil or winding-receiving spaces or slots 23 andhorns or shoulders 28.

In the particular construction illustrated, each polarportion comprisesa central portion formed of three sets of units 21 and two sets of units20 and two side portions each composed of three sets of units 19. Theunits forming the polar portions are usually all of magnetic material.One set of units 19 placed midway between each adjacent po lar portionforms no part of the magnetic core proper and may be made ofnon-magnetic material. Each unit is provided with an undercut tenon 2 1which enters the corresponding slot 18 and has formed in its inner end awedge receiving slot 24: To secure or fasten each unitin place a pair ofre- .versely tapered wedges 25 are employed.

form prongs 25 which are spread apart after the unit is assembled. Thewedges 25 press the units radially outward and lock them rigidly inplace regardless of any slight irregularities in the punchings. Byspreading the prongs 25, the wedges are locked securely in place andcannot work loose.

The windings for each pole in the construction illustrated, comprisefour coils 26, 27, 28 and 29. As shown, these coils, which arepreferably formed preparatory to assembling, are arranged one within theother. The inner coil 26 has its sides between the slots 18 receivingthe sets of units 20 and the adjacent sets of units 19. The sides of thewindings of the other coils are between the slots receiving adjacentsets of units 19. The coils may be formed and insulated in any suitablemanner. In the construction shown, each coil is formed of an edgewisebent strap or conductor 30.

It will be observed that the coils are all enough longer than the coreso that a space exists between the inner surfaces of the ends and theadjacent surface of the core somewhat greater than, or at least equalto, the thickness of the units forming the core ribs. In assembling,some or all of the units are inserted in the appropriate slots 18 andlocked in place one at a time, after the windings are put in place aboutthe periphery of the core body. After assembling the units or blocks thecoils are forced rigidly inward against the periphery of the units orsections 6 by means of wedges 31 and 32 which may be in general similarto the wedges 25. The thin edge of each wedge 31 is split to form prongs33 which are spread apart to lock each pair of wedges 31 and 32 inplace. As is clearly shown in the drawings, these wedges are ofsubstantially the same length as the wedges 25.

The end members 13 of which only one is shown may be substantiallyidentical, comprising each a radial portion 3a which bears against theend of the laminated body of the field magnet, a cylindrical portion 35at the end of which, remote from the laminated body of the core is aradial portion 36, the outer diameter of which is substantially equal tothat of the field magnet proper.

In the particular construction illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive,two rings 37 are shrunk about the cylindrical portion 85 of each endmember. These rings which are intended to reinforce the end members, areformed of some material having tensile strength such as forged steel.The inner surfaces of the ends of the coils rest against the outersurfaces of the rings 37. In this construction, one set of parallel endsof the coils 26 and 27 rest against the outer surare coils.

faces of one ring 37. The similar ends of the coils 28 and 29 restagainst the outer surfaces of the other ring. The ends of the windingsare clamped against the outer surfaces of the rings by means of curvedmembers 38 and 39 formed of some material of suitable strength, such aswrought steel, and bolts 40. The bolts 40, the heads of which bearagainst the inner surfaces of the cylindrical portions 35 of the endmembers pass between the rings 87 and the ends of the windings, and arescrewed into threaded openings formed to receive them in the members 38and 39. As shown in Figs. 1 and 6, each member 39 engages a portion ofthe windings for two adjacent polar portions of the field magnets, andthe members 38 each engage the central portion of the ends of thewindings for a single pole. The clearance between the flange and theshaft is great enough to allow of the ready insertion of the bolts 40.

The construction described possesses features of simplicity and strengthwhich render it highly advantageous in practice. By the employment ofrings 37 instead of relying upon an increased thickness of portion 35 ofthe end member, the construction is improved not only on account of theincrease in strength obtained by the use in the rings of better materialthan would be practicable in the body of the end members but the machinework in properly forming the holes for the bolts 40 is reduced. Thesmooth cylindrical field magnet when in operation generates an aircirculation through the ventilating ducts 7 and the radially extendingspaces 7 between adjacent blocks or units in the same row amplysuflicient to cool not only itself but the surrounding armature. At thesame time the generators do not produce an annoying, unnecessary andnoisy windage.

In the modification shown in Figs. 7 and 8 as many separate reinforcingrings 41 are provided as there are coils for each polar portion.Similarly there are as many curved retaining members 42, 43, 44, 45 asthere Each of these members extends over substantially the arccorresponding to one polar portion. By thus dividing the membersengaging the outer surfaces of the ends of the coils it is possible tovery securely clamp the coils in place. The ends of each of the threeinner members extend over a portion of the longitudinally extendingportion of the coils of more than one coil, but the flexibility of thecoils and the members in the direct-ion of their length is such that,practically speaking, each coil can be clamped separately against itssupport. By forming the members with interlocking tongues 46 as shown,the spaces between the reinforcing rings through which the bolts pass ismaterially decreased.

IVhile in compliance with the requirements of the statutes I havedescribed and illustrated the best forms of my invention now known tome, I do not wish the claims hereinafter made to be limited to theparticular constructions illustrated, more than is made necessary by thestate of the art, as itis apparent many changes can be made in the formof my invention without departing from its spirit.

hat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is,-

1. In combination, a core body, a set of blocks or units arranged in arow thereon so as to form an elongated tooth or rib, and separate meansfor locking each block to the body against axial movement.

2. In combination, a laminated core body, a set of blocks or unitsarranged thereon in a row so as to form an elongated tooth or rib, andseparate means for locking each unit against axial movement.

3. In combination, a core provided with ribs, each comprising aplurality of blocks, and means for locking each of said blocks to thebody against axial movement, independently of the other blocks.

4. In combination, a core provided with ribs, each comprising aplurality of blocks, and means for locking said blocks to the body, saidmeans comprising separate wedging devices for each block.

5. In a dynamo electric machine, a rotating core body having under-cutslots formed in its periphery extending parallel to the axis ofrotation, ribs or project-ions entering each of said slots, some of saidribs abutting against adjacent ribs, and others of said ribs beingseparated from adjacent ribs by coil receiving spaces.

6. In a dynamo electric machine, a rotating core body, ribs, means forsecuring said ribs to the core body so that they extend parallel to theaxis of rotation, some of said ribs engaging each other to form asubstantially solid portion, and others of said ribs being separatedfrom adjacent ribs by coil receiving spaces.

7. In a rotating field magnet, a cylindrical core body having grooves orslots formed in its periphery and extending parallel to the axis ofrotation, said grooves or slots being placed equally apart about theperiphery of said body, ribs or projections of magnetic materialentering said slots, some of said ribs engaging each other to form asubstantially solid portion, and others of said ribs being separatedfrom adjacent ribs by coil receiving spaces.

8. In a rotating field magnet, a cylindrical laminated core body havinggrooves or slots formed in its periphery extending parallel to its axisof rotation, said grooves or slots being equally placed apart about theperiphery of the body, ribs formed of laminae secured in said grooves orslots, the sides of some adjacent ribs being radial and abutting againsteach other, others of said ribs being separated to form coil or windingreceiving spaces.

9. In a dynamo electric machine, a rotating core body having under cutslots or grooves formed in its periphery and extend ing parallel to theaxis of rotation, said slots being equally spaced about the peripheryof. sald body, a I'll) or projection for each of said slots, each ribhaving a tenon entering the corresponding slot, some of said ribsabutting against adjacent ribs, and others of said ribs being separatedfrom the adjacent ribs by coil receivingspaces.

10. In combination, a cylindrical body having under-cut slots or groovesformed in its periphery and extending parallel to its axis, coils, thesides of which are located between adjacent slots, and a plurality ofblocks provided with under-cut extensions, the extensions of a pluralityof blocks extending into each of said slots, and separate means forlocking each of saidblocks in place.

11. In a dynamo electric machine, a core body portion of laminatedmaterial, formed coils or windings engaging the periphery of said body,and ribs secured to said body and serving to hold the coils in place,said ribs being formed of sections, each section being formed of lamlnzeriveted together.

12. In combination, a cylindrical core or.

body having under-cut slots formed in its periphery extendlng parallelto its axis,

coils, the sides of which are located between adjacent slots, said coilsbeing longer than the body measured in a direction parallel to the axis,and blocks formed of laminae secured together and proportioned so thateach block may be passed between the inner side of the end of the coilwhich it engages and the adjacent end of the body and movedlongitudinally into its slot.

13. In a rotating field. magnet, a laminated body having under-cut slotsformed in its periphery extending parallel to the axis of rotation,coils engaging the periphery of said body, the sides of said coils beinglocated between adjacent slots, said coils being longer than the body ina direction parallel to the axis of rotation, and blocks formed oflaminae secured together and proportionedeach block in place, windingsbetween the blocks. in adjacent slots, and wedging devices engaging saidblocks and their windings to hold the latter in place.

15. In the rotating member of a dynamo electric machine, a core bodyhaving slots formed in its periphery extending parallel to the axis ofrotation, a plurality of blocks or units entering each slot, separatemeans for locking each block in place, windings between the blocks inadjacent slots, and securing devices engaging the blocks and thewindings to lock the latter in place, each securing device engaging onlyone block in each slot.

16. In a dynamo-electric machine, in combination with a rotating coremember, of windings projecting beyond the end of the core, an externalsupport for the projecting ends comprising members, an internal supportfor the ends in the form of a flange projecting axially from said coreand having a reinforcing forged metal ring shrunk upon said flange andbolts, the heads of which engage said flange and the other ends of whichare screwed into said members comprising said external support.

17. In combination, a core of magnetic material, windings thereon,retaining devices for the windings, said retaining devices beingarranged in rows, and separate means for locking each retaining deviceto the core, against axial movement.

18. In the rotating part of a dynamo electric machine, a core body, anend member, windings, supports against which the inner edges of the endsof the windings rest comprising reinforcing rings on the end member, amember engaging the outer surface of the ends of said windings, andbolts passing between said reinforcing rings, said bolts engaging saidend member and said member which engages the outer surface of the endsof said windings.

19. In a dynamo electric machine, a core body, an end member providedwith a flange secured to the core body, a winding on said core body theend of which extends over said flange, a member engaging the outersurface of the end of said winding, and bolts the heads of which engagethe inner surface of said flange the other ends of which are screwedinto said member.

20. In a dynamo electric machine, a shaft, a core body carried thereby,an end member having a flange secured to the core body, windings on saidcore body the ends of which extend over said flange, a member engagingthe outer edges of. the ends of said windings, and bolts the heads ofwhich engage the inner surface of said flange and the other ends ofwhich are screwed into said member, suitable clearance being providedbetween the shaft and the flange to permit the insertion of the boltsafter the core and end member are assembled on the shaft. 1

21. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with the core andwindings of the rotating member, of an end member provided with acylindrical portion, reinforcing rings engaging said cylindrical portionand againstwhich the ends of the windings rest, a member engaging theouter surface of the ends of said windings, and bolts passing betweenthe ends of said windings,

said bolts engaging said cylindrical portion and said member engagingthe outer surface of the ends of said windings.

In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with the core and windingsof the rotating member, of an end member, reinforcing rings, shrunk uponsaid end member, said ring forming an internal support in an axialdirection for the ends of the windings, members engaging the outersurface of the ends of said windings and bolts passing between saidreinforcing rings, the heads of said bolts engaging said end member andthe other ends of which are screwed into said members which engage theouter surface of the ends of said windings.

In combination, a core body, an elongated tooth or rib formed of a setof blocks or units secured in a row thereon, adjacent blocks or unitsbeing separated to form ventilating spaces, and means for securing eachof said blocks against axial movement independently of the other blocks.

24. In combination, a core body formed with ventilating spaces, a set ofblocks or units secured on the body in a row, adjacent blocks or unitsbeing separated from each other to form ventilating spaces communicatingwith the spaces in the core body, and means for securing each of saidblocks against axial movement independently of the other blocks.

25. In combination, a cylindrical core body formed with radiallyextending ventilating openings or passages, a set of blocks or unitssecured to said core body to form a row extending parallel to the axisof the body, said blocks or units being separated to form radiallyextending ventilating passages or spaces which are in alinement withthose in said core body, and means for securing each of said blocksagainst axial movement independently of the other blocks.

26. In the rotating member of a dynamoelectric machine, a core bodyhaving slots formed in its periphery extending parallel to the axis ofrotation, a plurality of blocks entering each slot, windings between theblocks in adjacent slots, separate wedges for locking said blocks inposition independently of each other, and separate wedges between saidwindings and each of said blocks to lock the windings in place.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set 5 my hand this 26th day ofOctober 1905.

HENRY G. REIST. Witnesses BENJAMIN B. HULL, HELEN ORFORD.

